薛兆丰:“行善”并不等于“补偿”
<div> </div><div>本期《经济学人》刊登老友 Isaac DiIanni 的<a href="http://economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=7159368" target="_blank"><font color="#000033" size="2">短信</font></a>,指出巴菲特与盖茨的“行善”,并不是对社会的“补偿”。试译如下:</div><div> </div><div>先生:</div><div> </div><div>在表彰巴菲特和盖茨诸君的行善行为时,你们认可了这样的观点,即在资本主义社会里,胜利者家应该“拿出其部分财富来补偿失败者”(见 <a href="http://economist.com/displaystory.cfm?story_id=7114396" target="_blank"><font color="#000033" size="2">Billanthropy</font></a>,7月1日)。好像盖茨这样的创造者,是靠服务顾客来赚钱的,而顾客也在交易中得益。有人认为创造者有义务“回馈”社会,这种观点暴露出他们不明白最基本的经济原理:自愿交易使买卖双方都得益。富人是否应该帮助穷人,是重要的伦理问题;但混淆了“行善”与“补偿”的概念,则只是经济学不过关而已。</div><div> </div><div>ISAAC DIIANNI<br/>菲尔法斯特,弗吉尼亚州</div><div> </div><div>Sir -<br/><br/>In praising Warren Buffett, Bill Gates and others for their philanthropy, you endorse the view that capitalism\'s winners should "use some of their wealth to compensate the losers" ("Billanthropy," July 1st). Innovators like Mr Gates make money by serving their customers, who also gain from the exchange. The idea that wealth creators have a duty to "give back" betrays a lack of understanding of that most basic principle of economics: voluntary trade benefits both parties. Whether the wealthy should help the poor is an important ethical question, but to confuse charity with compensation is just bad economics.<br/><br/>ISAAC DIIANNI<br/>Fairfax, Virginia</div><div> </div> <p>这个的确很重要。</p><p>只要是自愿进行的交易,一定是“双赢”的局面。既双方都对对方的东西比对自己的东西感兴趣,而且对成交的比例也满意,因此才会成交。成交结束,双方谁都不欠对方什么。无论是产品市场、劳动市场还是金融市场,都如此。</p><p>但穷人之所以穷,主要是“交易”以外的制度和自身的素质所导致。比如产权界定方面出了问题,比如交易并非自愿。</p><p></p><p></p> <p>说得好,穷人可以不要善款,但一定要追索补偿。比如当年被平反的老右派,可以不要邻居的救助,但一定要追索国家的归还和补偿。</p><p>我要是巴菲特就指定善款用在制度改善和教育普及上,仅从这点上说,索罗斯的确值得欣赏,他支助过东欧和中国。</p>页:
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