[原创]生产效率比拼第一线报告
<p>一改福特的流水线大量生产、大量库存、交货期长、灵活性差的老问题,使用短线,单个工人工序可伸缩,极端时,单个工人可以组装一台相机,史称佳能生产线革命。其实这场生产线革命,来自兰州拉面的古老的经营智慧。新生产模式业界成为细胞式生产线。(CELL PRODUCTION)</p><p><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2007-06/1181555597764913.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2007-06/1181555597764913.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /></p><p>兰州拉面实际上古老的细胞式生产模式<br /></p><p><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2007-06/11815558349163.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2007-06/11815558349163.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /></p><p>欧洲面包房实际上福特大规模生产线。<br /></p>[align=right][color=#000066][此帖子已经被作者于[lastedittime]1183015820[/lastedittime]编辑过][/color][/align] <p><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2007-06/1181555982272272.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2007-06/1181555982272272.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /></p><p>双方的优劣势一目了然,这是古老的阿拉伯经营智慧比欧洲先进。当然在食品上,并不是生产线决定生存的,古老的中国采取最没有效率的定制模式,一样也能生存,可是经营上没有什么可树碑立传的。<br /><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2007-06/1181555996681646.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2007-06/1181555996681646.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /></p><p>偏偏美国人不老实,硬是将欧洲的福特式的面包房改制为现代细胞式生产,终于成为经营上效率终极模式。<br /></p> <img src="attachments/dvbbs/2007-06/1181556685220766.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2007-06/1181556685220766.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /><br />佳能的生产现场一角 <p>把兰州拉面拉进来讲解两种生产方式,呵呵,智慧。</p> <p>谢谢老实和尚一个人的捧场。</p><p>再硬着头皮把生产模式讲下去,这是我从企业里挖掘来的最新的时尚货,经营的真功夫就在这里了。</p> <img src="attachments/dvbbs/2007-06/118169904626597.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2007-06/118169904626597.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /><br />传统模式的缺陷,在企业里搞过生产的人,对这个模式不会不熟悉,目前中国的企业大多在沿用美国三十年代的生产线方式。 <img src="attachments/dvbbs/2007-06/1181699805187026.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2007-06/1181699805187026.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /><br /> <p><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /></p><p>------------------------</p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□ <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">→</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">一般生产线像上面那样的一排,每个人站在生产线边上给产品做一个动作,流水作业,如果要提高生产线效率,一般是提高线速,让每个人做的动作加快,如果赶不上,就是增加人手,将时间长的工序分拆成两个人做,这样传统提高效率的做法,导致线速加快,人数增多,线体变长。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">我们按照上述思路做了近十年,但是发现实际效率并不提高,老板很恼火,请来日本专家诊断,结果日本专家说:线速放慢,人数减少,线体砍短,这样能提高效率。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">此话一出,语惊四座,激起中华民族抗日情绪,大骂日本鬼子简直是疯了,大家坚决不采纳日本鬼子的意见,认为这是亡我之心不死的建议。于是状告到老板那里……</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">请大家猜猜,结果如何?</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>[align=right][color=#000066][此帖子已经被作者于[lastedittime]1181701529[/lastedittime]编辑过][/color][/align] <div class="quote"><b>以下是引用<i>菜农</i>在2007-06-13 10:22:05的发言:</b><br /><p><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /><img alt="" src="http://www.zmw.net.cn/bbs/images/topicface/face1.gif" /></p><p>------------------------</p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□<span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">□ <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">→</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">一般生产线像上面那样的一排,每个人站在生产线边上给产品做一个动作,流水作业,如果要提高生产线效率,一般是提高线速,让每个人做的动作加快,如果赶不上,就是增加人手,将时间长的工序分拆成两个人做,这样传统提高效率的做法,导致线速加快,人数增多,线体变长。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">我们按照上述思路做了近十年,但是发现实际效率并不提高,老板很恼火,请来日本专家诊断,结果日本专家说:线速放慢,人数减少,线体砍短,这样能提高效率。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">此话一出,语惊四座,激起中华民族抗日情绪,大骂日本鬼子简直是疯了,大家坚决不采纳日本鬼子的意见,认为这是亡我之心不死的建议。于是状告到老板那里……</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:'times new roman';mso-hansi-font-family:'times new roman'">请大家猜猜,结果如何?</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p></div><p></p>没给出原因,线速快反而效率低,是反工率高的缘故吧? <p>果然,章星球的逻辑思维能力强。</p><p>是的。</p><p>不过具体问题很丰富,多因素变量总是在影响实际结果,以至于我们当时无法知道那些因素是主要的。</p> <p><font face="黑体" size="4">佳能革命</font></p><p> 一条生产线,由传送带连接起来,劳动者们被固定在特定的位置上,指定安装或是插装某些零部件,最后形成一个完成的产品。这是我们熟知的现代生产方式,最大的优点在于每个劳动者都被固定在生产线的某个环节上,只是简单地重复从事一个完全产品中某个零部件的安装或安插。劳动者并不需要多么复杂的知识技能背景,也不需要耗资费时的培训,只需要进行简单的技能教育和操作实践。劳动者进入生产过程的"进入成本"和"工作成本"很低。如此的"专门化"大大地提高了操作效率。</p><p> 而当1998年日本的佳能公司将某些产品(如彩色复印机、数码相机等)的生产从国外搬回到日本,采用非传送带式的生产方式时,一场预示新企业的未来和社会发展的未来生产方式的革命开始了。经过几年的运行,这场革命取得了胜利。</p><p> 在这种新型的生产方式中,劳动者在同一位置上组装完成一件完全的产品,可以根据组装需要及自己在组装中得到的体会和经验,选择、调整和改进组装操作过程。一件完成的成品不是通过所有劳动者的配合来完成,而是由几个劳动者(小团队或小单元)工作甚至于可以从一个劳动者手中产生,专门化或专业化被综合化或整体化代替。正因为如此,这种生产模式被称为"单元生产模式"。</p><p> 从1998年到2002年,佳能在日本将66000英尺的传送带弃而不用,虽然在日本国内生产的总成本与国外生产基地相比大大增加,但从1998年到2003年,这场生产方式的革命帮助佳能减少了27000个劳动力,同时提高了劳动生产率50%,节约了72万平方米的工厂面积用于储存存货,使得佳能为储存零件和设备租用的仓库数量从37个减少到8个,削减了2.8亿美元的房地产成本。由于质量和性能的优势,反而促使需求量增长迅速,利润大大增加。</p><p> "佳能革命"是对传送带式生产方式的否定,是非常典型的制度创新。在新模式下,劳动者与生产产品之间的关系,不再是简单的局部操作关系,劳动者本身也不再只是一个大机器上的"螺丝钉",每个劳动者已经有了产品整体的概念,劳动者自身也成了整体产品的驾驭者。一个人人都关联产品整体、局部和技术的生产制度,更容易在产品创新和技术创新上取得突破。</p><p><strong> 企业效益的人性基础</strong></p><p> 在佳能的新型生产模式下,劳动者真正地成为了"人",或至少部分实现了对于"人"的回归。基层劳动者,不再是传送带方式下对于机器设备的简单替代或延伸。由于劳动者变成了"人",作为"人"的许多的长处都得到了施展和发挥,企业的效益增长便有了"人性"的基础。</p><p> 翻看20世纪管理学说史,不论是泰勒和法约尔的"科学管理",还是马克斯·韦伯的组织理论、马斯洛的管理心理学等,似乎都有着一条发现人的价值的演进线索,企业管理的历史也大致如此地演进。然而,仔细分析容易发现,管理学说史和管理史,都有着明显不过的关于人的"管理二元"化特征---在管理中,只有管理者是"人",被管理者则如同机器设备或原料等生产要素,不是真正意义上的"人"。</p><p> 例如,人力资源配置的理论和实践表明,被配置的人,不过是一种资源,是管理者这样的"人",根据生产需要去安排的生产要素。即使是强调"以人为本"的企业管理实践,也将生产过程中的人分裂为两部分:一部分是管理者,他们是主动的"以人为本"的思考者和执行者,他们可以"以人为本",也可以"以物为本";另一部分是被管理者,他们是被动的,是管理者"以人为本"的受众,根本上讲他们不能决定自己的存在,他们远不是"人"。这种"人"和"非人"管理二元化,在上个世纪百年管理历史中,通过传送带方式得到了最彻底的展示。</p><p> "佳能革命"下劳动者性质的变化,使我们对于企业管理中"以人为本"的理念和管理原则产生了新的认识。在"佳能革命"下,由于劳动者成为了思考的"人",使得人的本性得到了相对充分的扩张,人的能量得到了相对充分的发挥,人的价值得到了相对充分的发展,劳动者们由此"锻造"了自己。这种"锻造"在成就每个人直接经济价值的同时,还塑造出了每个人的内在价值---成长型的知识、技能、组织能力和团队精神,这种"以人为本"的管理方式,具有成就"人"自身的力量。</p><p> 在"佳能革命"下成就了的人,当然具有更高的价值创造力,他们将为企业带来更多的收益。"佳能革命"之所以迅速地成功,是劳动者从"局部人"、"零件人"进化到"人"的结果。</p><p><strong> "佳能革命"对中国经济发展的启示</strong></p><p> 在全世界拥有那么多生产线,为什么"佳能革命"发生在日本?从直接的原因看,是佳能考虑到只有日本才能够提供足够量的综合性技能劳动者的缘故;同时,从一个民族国家整体的利益考虑,日本不愿意也不可能将生产方式变革的好处,尤其是其中实现的"局部人"向"完整人"转化的好处,带给日本之外的其他国家或地区。</p><p> 事实上,由于20世纪传送带方式的趋同性,即使在日本,同样有着大量的"局部人"或"零件人",他们转化为"完整人",也需要耗费颇大的"锻造"过程。无疑,这样的"锻造",具有成就人、培养人、创造人的社会意义,具有为整个日本提供足够多的高质量综合技能劳动者的功用。这种经济学上讲的"正向外部性",即事情发生在企业里,却对于外部社会有积极作用的生产方式变革,佳能是不可能选择在日本之外的国家或地区去实施的。</p><p> 中国经济和社会近二十多年的高速发展,更多地是依靠劳动密集、资源使用粗放、污染成本惊人等来实现的。中国的大量劳动者,被片面地"锻造"成了从业领域极为狭窄的"局部人"或"零件人",他们只能适应不用思考的传送带上某个位置的固定简单动作。一旦要求他们超越这样的状况,哪怕程度很小,都需要支付巨大的"超越成本"。在中国现实的情况下,外资企业大多不会承担这种成本;中国国内资本的企业,又大多没有意识到这个问题的存在,尚不知道这种成本的支付对于企业和中国经济和社会整体的价值所在。那么,将来这笔庞大的"超越成本"将会由谁来支付?</p> <p>美的空调部分实施细胞式生产线的效率提高实例:</p><p><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2007-06/1181738947514819.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2007-06/1181738947514819.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /><br /></p> 总结:手工劳动比机械化流水作业效益高! <div class="quote"><p>不过具体问题很丰富,多因素变量总是在影响实际结果,以至于我们<font size="6">当时</font>无法知道那些因素是主要的。</p></div><p>菜农的谜底要一步步揭开?</p>继续添加这个项目的内容
<p>冲压板金分厂,进行效率提升的改善,在日本专家的指点下,机器布局进行改变,原先每部冲床之间用人工或者小车运送零件,而采用简易输送价后,一件件零件可以自然从上道工序流向下道工序,而底盘又可以从下道工序流回上道工序。注意建议输送工具的两层结构。</p><p><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2007-06/1183017557855271.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2007-06/1183017557855271.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /><br /></p> <div class="quote"><b>以下是引用<i>菜农</i>在2007-06-13 20:38:36的发言:</b><br /><p>那么,将来这笔庞大的"超越成本"将会由谁来支付?</p></div><p> 当大巴车普及、票价低廉时,速度慢的人力车自然退出市场。 </p><p> </p><p> 新型细胞和古老细胞的关键区别之一,是有高效的机械当助手吧,否则,100碗面的时间恐怕也出不来1台佳能。流水线是这两者的必然过渡呢,还是不必要的迂回?</p> <p>这个帖子好,长见识</p><p>胡说几句。选择流水线生产模式还是单元生产模式,和产品的组装过程和数量大小也有关系。有的产品,组装过程中要不断调试,调试过程的技术含量和精密度要求相对较高,此时采用流水线生产模式就不太适合了。有的产品组装比较简单,按位置和程序装上标准零部件就行了,这类比较适合流水线生产模式。</p><p></p> <p>戴尔的生产模式有点象细胞式,先接订单再生产</p><p>菜农能否分析一下戴尔的生产模式</p> <p>大家的水平一个比一个高,问的问题都非常有水平,已经快要揭开谜底了。</p><p>谜底非常简单:</p><p>1、分工永远比全能快,亚当斯密一万年都正确,所谓的佳能革命,一个人组装一个相机,那不是一个人造所有的零件,而是一个人把别人组装的部件最后总装,让流水线在部件时完成作业。</p><p>2、福特生产线有分工和全能混合性质,他让一个工人专门做一个动作,这是对的,分工后的工人连成一条生产线,这也对也错,但是福特的错误是:从开矿开始,炼钢、轧钢、冲压、切削、……装配,几十万道加工工序在一个工厂完成,并试图用一条线穿起来,这犯了计划经济错误。</p><p>3、福特时代到现代柔性化生产线出现,这段时期都是亚当和马克思打架,生产型车间追求把生产线做得越长越快,以为这样越效率高,但是科斯发现,生产线边界不能无限扩大,外协加工,有一个个配套厂做零部件,供应给总装厂,尽管中间被政府收一道税,但是还是经济,这条思路使得生产管理长线败给短线,马克思败给亚当,工厂内部的计划经济也破产,工厂不得不把零部件加工甩给外协厂,只留最后的几道关键工序。内部分工演变成市场分工。</p><p>4、市场分工导致零部件产业迅速发达,任何一个经济单位都可以从市场上购置一个产品的零部件,组装后迅速推销到市场,戴尔发现这个规律,并且在整个大行业内组建细胞式生产线,自己只完成最后几道组装工序,并使销售的渠道也变得最经济。</p><p>5、这场革命并不是反对分工,而是减少工厂内部的分工,转移到社会分工,同时又引发新的问题,不能无限制缩短总装线,部分集成厂家技术衰退导致产品革新缺乏领头,这样又被传统模式厂家超越。</p><p>于是事情根本没有完,在细胞式生产模式上做各种改良,各个厂家都在尝试,东芝、大金、松下有精彩的理解,下次再继续。</p> <div class="quote"><b>以下是引用<i>菜农</i>在2007-06-13 10:36:08的发言:</b><br /><p>果然,章星球的逻辑思维能力强。</p><p>是的。</p><p>不过具体问题很丰富,多因素变量总是在影响实际结果,以至于我们当时无法知道那些因素是主要的。</p></div><p>老菜啊,我帮你们设计一个总流程,在1年内把生产效率翻一倍,你信不信?</p>[em05] 我相信,正好你可以写出来给真名网友看看,大家可以大长见识。 <div class="quote"><b>以下是引用<i>菜农</i>在2007-06-29 17:38:51的发言:</b><br />我相信,正好你可以写出来给真名网友看看,大家可以大长见识。</div><p></p>不用数学表达不简洁, 用了数学怕大家看不懂.[em04] <div class="quote"><b>以下是引用<i>psyzjs</i>在2007-06-30 00:40:11的发言:</b><br /><p></p>不用数学表达不简洁, 用了数学怕大家看不懂.[em04]</div><p>说吧,我学工科的,数学还可以勉强看懂</p> <p>在这个论坛上千万不要夸口自己水平高,平时不见人影,你稍微表现一下,冷不丁冒出一个高手,把你驳得体无完肤。</p><p>我上次写了英语、日语的小短文,结果英语被一个搞财务的改得自惭形秽,日语也被留学生抓得漏洞百出,半年都调整不过来心态,现在一写就觉得有人会说你不地道,想多了反而写不出了。</p><p>至于数学什么的,博士论文也会被一个不知名的网友批得自园不能其说,你以为那个懂数学是个留洋博士吗?错,这种懂数学的往往是那个血汗工厂的农民工。</p> <div class="quote"><b>以下是引用<i>psyzjs</i>在2007-06-29 13:08:57的发言:</b><br /><p>老菜啊,我帮你们设计一个总流程,在1年内把生产效率翻一倍,你信不信?</p>[em05]</div><p>P先生终于要亮一次真家伙了。拭目中。</p> <p>大树属于北京话里 三青子之类,狠话很多狠招没有。</p> <div class="quote"><b>以下是引用<i>兮兮</i>在2007-06-30 11:06:08的发言:</b><br /><p>大树属于北京话里 三青子之类,狠话很多狠招没有。</p></div><p></p><p>我出招,谁来保护我的知识产权?</p><p>兮兮, 你做事情还嫩了点.</p>[em05] <div class="quote"><b>以下是引用<i>psyzjs</i>在2007-06-29 13:08:57的发言:</b><br /><p>老菜啊,我帮你们设计一个总流程,在1年内把生产效率翻一倍,你信不信?</p>[em05]</div><p>瞅见没有?是你自己主动请缨的,如果你有货色,那还得菜农愿意花银子呢.那你们私下谈吧,我就权当看见一个绝世高手了. </p><p>这就看菜农了..技术流程偶是不懂,但法律流程我可以给菜农说句建议;如果大树先生的流程没有翻一番,甚至反而降低了一倍,你的合同可要约定清楚了~~</p>[em05] <div class="quote"><b>以下是引用<i>兮兮</i>在2007-06-30 11:40:34的发言:</b><br /><p>瞅见没有?是你自己主动请缨的,如果你有货色,那还得菜农愿意花银子呢.那你们私下谈吧,我就权当看见一个绝世高手了. </p><p>这就看菜农了..技术流程偶是不懂,但法律流程我可以给菜农说句建议;如果大树先生的流程没有翻一番,甚至反而降低了一倍,你的合同可要约定清楚了~~</p>[em05]</div><p></p><p>我正等着老菜找上门来.</p><p>不过,老菜,你可得把需求整明白了.</p><p> </p>[em07] <div class="quote"><b>以下是引用<i>采采卷耳</i>在2007-06-13 21:02:06的发言:</b><br />总结:手工劳动比机械化流水作业效益高</div><p>砍短线体,放慢线速,减少操作工序,效率提高</p><p>这个属于“实践出真知”,小日本确实在“道”上下了狠功夫</p><p>但是,得出总结:手工劳动比机械化流水作业效益高</p><p>就可笑了,采采故意“偏激”滴说![em07]</p><p><strong><em>psyzjs</em>在2007-06-29 13:08:57的发言:<br /></strong></p><p>老菜啊,我帮你们设计一个总流程,在1年内把生产效率翻一倍,你信不信?</p><p>说老实话,偶不信</p><p>偶没啥否定P君能力的意思</p><p>就是感觉:理论运用到实际,效用得打折扣</p><p>工业制造,效率提升</p><p>不是听听,看看,想想,参考参考,摘抄摘抄,总结总结</p><p>得了些主观的方法,就事成了滴!</p><p>日本人在制造业里长时间摸索,在实际生产中总结出的高效经验</p><p>要悟到精髓,可能要花些大价钱,还要收敛些过度张扬的:民族情节</p><p>权当“忍辱负重”[em05]</p> <div class="quote"><b>以下是引用<i>Ann501502</i>在2007-06-30 14:04:00的发言:</b><br /><p>砍短线体,放慢线速,减少操作工序,效率提高</p><p>这个属于“实践出真知”,小日本确实在“道”上下了狠功夫</p><p>但是,得出总结:手工劳动比机械化流水作业效益高</p><p>就可笑了,采采故意“偏激”滴说![em07]</p><p><strong><em>psyzjs</em>在2007-06-29 13:08:57的发言:<br /></strong></p><p>老菜啊,我帮你们设计一个总流程,在1年内把生产效率翻一倍,你信不信?</p><p>说老实话,偶不信</p><p>偶没啥否定P君能力的意思</p><p>就是感觉:理论运用到实际,效用得打折扣</p><p>工业制造,效率提升</p><p>不是听听,看看,想想,参考参考,摘抄摘抄,总结总结</p><p>得了些主观的方法,就事成了滴!</p><p>日本人在制造业里长时间摸索,在实际生产中总结出的高效经验</p><p>要悟到精髓,可能要花些大价钱,还要收敛些过度张扬的:民族情节</p><p>权当“忍辱负重”[em05]</p></div><p></p>实践环节当然是最重要的,但用了好的方法,可以事半功倍的。[em05] <p><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2007-07/1183448963238913.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2007-07/1183448963238913.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /><br />传统福特生产线的典型模式。</p><p>生产线是输送带自动行走的,零件一个个逐个装上去,相等长度的工序位节拍是相等的,所以大零件装配时间长的话,占有输送带上的长度也长。</p><p> </p> <p><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2007-07/1183453097614753.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2007-07/1183453097614753.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /><br />生产线被切断以后,实践下来的效果是显著的,比传统的福特线有如下好处:</p><p>1、福特线太长,一条线的人数在30人-100人,超过管理幅度,线头的人看不到线尾的人在干什么,分割成短线后,各条线在7-8人左右,在合理的管理幅度之内。</p><p>2、分割成短线后,实际上并行作业,单台产品在线时间缩短,减少在建库存,零部件与市场的运转时间缩短,资本周转加快,经济效益明显。</p><p>3、长线上的每个人停顿直接使整条生产线停顿,如果一个人的无差错概率是99%,100个人的整线正常运行率概率是【99%】的100次方,只有26%,一天大概只有2小时是正常生产的,其余时间都在打打停停,这是符合实情的。为此福特生产线必须要求工人像机器一样,绝对不能出差错,越是长线,要求越严。而短线组合的无差错概率大大提高,如果分成10条10人的短线,一个人出错并不影响其他线,只要有中间库存,无差错率提高到88%。</p><p>4、福特线无差错要求高,对人要求像机器一样,适合批量大,品种单一,机构简单的产品,正好和现代市场追求花色品种多样化不符,所以细胞式短线适合随时产品的变化。一条100人的福特线变换产品的切换时间为100分钟的话,10条10人组成的生产线,切换时间为10分钟。福特线面对多样化的市场失去竞争力。</p><p>5、场地面积,细胞式更能合理布置,单位面积缩小,提高固定资产利用率。</p> <p><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2007-07/1183479094879837.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2007-07/1183479094879837.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /></p><p>东芝模式是彻底地采用多条短预装线+一条短总装线,由于线太短,发现不需要用动力进行输送,只要滚条就可以,一个工序完成以后,人工自然拉到下一个工序,这样生产线投资减少,效率提高,资产利用率达到最佳效果。</p><p><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2007-07/1183479559632908.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2007-07/1183479559632908.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /><br /></p> <p><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2007-07/1183479614957591.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2007-07/1183479614957591.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /></p><p>但是大金并不为所谓的细胞式生产模式所动,仍然采用动力输送带模式,采取一条长线,在长线上提高自动化程度,工装化、模块化,将零部件放在一个盒子里,跟在产品旁边,而零部件放置在线头有一个专门的作业区域,采取所谓的丰田模式JIT,根据生产指令,一条线上可以生产型号不同的产品,取决于零部件盒子中零部件正确地配制,生产线上有条码管理,正确地识别不同型号的产品采取不同的测试条件,这样长线解决了机种切换的问题,生产效率也不低。<br /></p> <p>东芝和大金是长短线的两个极端,东芝将一条长线切割成并行短线后,连动力都不要了,而大金反其道行之,在长线上提高自动化、电脑化、托盘化和JIT管理,弥补切换机种的缺陷,发挥动力线快速的优点,这样效率也不错。</p><p>当我们的行家去大金参观,提出一个问题,当型号差异很大的产品同时在一条生产线运行时,是否会慢的节拍拖累快的节拍,大金的人很老实的回答:是的,但是生产编排时,可以将节拍类似的机种安排在一条线上,一个公司一般有4、5条生产线,所以实际上不产生浪费问题。</p><p>大金这个问题处理得好,实际生产过程中,极端情况很少出现,一般型号类似机种可以均匀分开,虽然在数学上大金的模式存在缺陷,但是实际上通过另一种优势可以弥补。</p><p>而松下非常聪明,采取东芝和大金的中间模式,取消动力输送带,但是采用台车这个活动的工位装置,可以自由组合生产线的长度,将台车互相钩住,可以由动力拖动,变化自如,一旦大批量单一品种时,可以连成长线生产,一旦品种变化,则可以短线。松下的配料物流与东芝的一样。</p> 东芝、大金、松下三个公司采取不同的生产线,结果人均效率是一致的,人均小时产量都是3.2台。 <p><img src="attachments/dvbbs/2007-07/1183482100158342.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2007-07/1183482100158342.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /></p><p>中国人民有志气有能力,在不远的将来可以赶超世界先进水平。这句话是可以达到的,前提是市场经济加政治民主。</p><p>(完)<br /></p>[align=right][color=#000066][此帖子已经被作者于[lastedittime]1183482272[/lastedittime]编辑过][/color][/align] <p>一直在看菜农的这个贴及诸位的跟贴。</p><p>俺从历史的角度来说,不能说福特的蠢、佳能/兰州拉面的精</p><p>此一时彼一时也!</p><p>兰州拉面是小生产时期的,福特是大生产时期的,都是时代的产物。</p><p>佳能模式的成功,前提是在20世纪下半叶有两大重大变化:信息流通迅捷以及廉价(无线电及因特网),以及交通运输费用的极度(与50年代以前相比)下降(集装箱运输)。前者得以迅速反馈市场信息,后者得以扩散零部件加工。</p><p>佳能也是时代产物。</p> <p>老木匠师叔讲得非常有道理,从历史角度来看,各个时期的模式都是历史的必然。</p><p>但是兰州拉面在小生产时代蕴涵了一种现代最有效率的柔性订单原理,这不能不说是伟大,由于是终极模式,所以一代一代相传下来,上千年仍能应付市场。</p><p>最近搞笑了,兰州拉面居然和电信行业一样能搞垄断的行业了,这搞成了《人民日报》自58年报道某县建成共产主义的新闻以来,最轰动的新闻了:</p><p><font size="2">【近期,作为兰州市民早餐第一选择的大众经济小吃牛肉面持续涨价。兰州市物价局出台限价令,控制每碗牛肉面最高价格不超过2.5元。兰州物价局认为,牛肉面涨价是店家互相串通,操控市场价格所致。(7月8日《人民日报》) 】</font></p>页:
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