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楼主
发表于 2011-11-27 16:29
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[转帖] [2011.10.29] Be careful what you wish for 鸦片战争:许愿之前请三思
http://www.ecocn.org/thread-61078-1-1.html
Be careful what you wish for
许愿之前请三思
Dude, where's my rickshaw? 哎,我的轿子呢?
The Opium War: Drugs, Dreams, and the Making of China. By Julia Lovell. Picador; 480 pages; £25.
鸦片战争:毒品,梦想,建国大业,Julia Lovell著;Picador出版社出版;480页;25英镑。
HISTORY, it turns out, is not just written by the winners. In documenting the historical crapshoot of the last 200 years, there have been few losers more assiduous than the Chinese. So, apart from adapting first Karl Marx and now Adam Smith, what have they been writing? Rather a lot, it seems. A topic of choice is the Opium Wars, those 19th-century skirmishes on the far-eastern fringe of the British empire. They are largely unknown by British schoolchildren, but successive Chinese governments have made sure the same cannot be said for their overachieving students in the Middle Kingdom.
原来,历史并不仅仅是胜者书写的。过去的两百年里,世界风云激荡,但能积贫积弱如中国者,屈指可数。那么,除过早先施行马克思主义,现今采取亚当斯密的理论,中国在世界历史上还留了哪些笔墨?举目一扫,比比皆是。十九世纪发生于大英帝国远东边界的鸦片战争便是一例。英国的学生对此所知寥寥无几,但历届中国政府对泱泱“天朝”的佼佼学子是绝不会放松要求的。
Julia Lovell's excellent new book explores why this period of history is so emotionally important for the Chinese. Drawing on original sources in Chinese and English, she recounts the events of the period in fascinating detail. More importantly, she explains how China has turned the Opium Wars into a founding myth of its struggle for modernity.
为何这段历史对中国人如此重要?Julia Lovell的新书探究的正是这一问题。作者查阅过第一手的汉语及英语资料,将这一历史时期的事件描绘的栩栩如生。更值得一提的是,她一步步地探究了,中国是如何将鸦片战争作为其努力奋斗实现现代化的缘起。
Ms Lovell weaves this story into the historical brocade of the early 19th century, when European demand for Chinese silk, tea and porcelain was insatiable. To save their silver, the British began to pay for these luxuries with opium from India, and many Chinese were soon addicted. The Chinese emperor tried to stop the trade, and hoped to slam the door completely on the outside world. Between 1839 and 1842, the British manufactured a nasty little war in which they smashed the Chinese military, and justified it all in the name of free trade. The Western powers, hungry for more markets, then prised China open.
Lovell的讲述与十九世纪的历史背景紧密相连。那时,欧洲对中国丝绸、茶叶以及瓷器的需求源源不断。大英政府为了减少白银外流,开始用印度种植的鸦片来购买这些奢侈品。很快,许多中国人都染上了吸食鸦片的瘾。中国政府竭力阻止鸦片的贸易往来,甚至不惜闭关锁国。1839年和1842年,大英政府发动了两次小规模的战争,大败中国军队,并一直以推行自由贸易为其掩饰。一直对中国市场垂涎欲滴的西方列强也趁机一涌而入,抢占中国市场。
Westerners have good reason to be ashamed of their treatment of China in the 19th century. Yet Ms Lovell contends that they administered only the final blows to an empire that was already on the brink. That is hardly how it has been portrayed in China, however, where manipulating memory is an important tool of government propaganda. In the 1920s Chinese nationalists began spinning the arrival of Western gunboats as the cause of all the country’s problems—the start of China’s “century of humiliation”. Chairman Mao also blamed Western aggression at the time of the Opium Wars for China’s decline. And so emerged the narrative of China as victim that can still be heard today, even as the country casts off its loser status.
西方列强理应为其在十九世纪对中国的所作所为感到羞耻。但Lovell强调的是,列强只是在这一帝国摇摇欲坠的时候给了它致命一击。然而,在中国,人们对这一事件的认识却全然不同。因为,在中国,粉饰历史是政府宣传的重要工具。二十世纪二十年代,许多中国民族主义者就宣称西方侵略者的洋枪大炮是中国所有问题的根源,是它们掀开了中国“屈辱百年”的第一页。同样,毛主席也将中国的落后归罪于西方列强的入侵。这便是“中国是受害者”这一声音的缘起。即使是在中国早已摆脱弱者身份的今天,这种声音还很普遍。
Despite China’s growing strength, Ms Lovell sees worrying similarities between China’s weaknesses today and those of the Chinese empire of 1838, describing both as “an impressive but improbable high-wire act, unified by ambition, bluff, pomp and pragmatism”. She finds parallels too in how the West sees China. Foreign policy hawks in 1840 repeated loudly that violence against China “was honourable and inevitable until, in the popular imagination, it became so.” Demonisation of China today, especially in America, can sometimes seem almost as shrill.
尽管中国国力一直在增强,但Lovell还是看到了当代中国同1838年那个王朝之间一些令人忧心的相似的弱点。她描述称,它们都好比是在“走钢丝,令人惊叹,也令人揪心;它们都壮志满满,都会信口雌黄,都有盛大壮观的仪式,也都有些独断专行”。Lovell还发现了另外一个相似指出,那就是西方审视中国的眼光。1840年,外交方面的鹰派任务反复重申对中国的暴力是“值得赞赏的,不可避免的,最终大众也接受了这一想象。”不过,现在,妖魔化中国又是就好比在人群中惊声尖叫,尤其是在美国。
Westerners interested in why China behaves the way it does should read “The Opium War”. So should Chinese readers, who could gain a more balanced view of their own history than they receive in school. In 2006, for example, China’s government shut down a leading liberal weekly over an article that challenged national orthodoxy on the Opium Wars. The Communist Party’s propaganda bureau accused the author of attempting “to vindicate criminal acts by the imperialist powers in invading China”. An internet post by a nationalist suggested the author should be “drowned in rotten eggs and spit”.
西方人士如果对当代中国的行为不解,那就应该读读这本书。中国人也应该读一读这本书,从另一个角度审视一下自己的历史。它同学校课本上的历史是完全不同的。2006年,由于刊登质疑关于鸦片战争官方说法的文章,一家进步周刊被政府查封。中共宣传部称,该文章试图“为侵略中国的西方帝国主义势力正名”。网络上有民族主义者怒斥该文章作者,称他应被“臭鸡蛋和唾沫淹死”。
Ms Lovell reassures her readers that not all Chinese buy into tired government propaganda. But the Opium Wars are always there, lurking in the Chinese subconscious, perpetuating the tension between pride and victimhood. Tellingly, Ms Lovell quotes George Orwell: “Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past.”
Lovell在书中说道,并不是所有的中国人都对政府的宣传买账。然而,鸦片战争就在那里,潜伏在中国人的潜意识中,使中国人永远在自豪和屈辱之间左右摇摆。书中还引用了乔治奥威尔的一句话,“谁掌控过去,谁就掌控现在;谁掌控现在,谁就掌控过去”,发人深省。
译后记:
(翻译每篇文章之前,都会在坛子里搜索一下,如果有人翻译了,我就不会翻了。这次也是,搜索鸦片战争,木有?完全木有就翻译了,刚发帖之前,心血来潮搜了搜, be careful what you wish for, 嚯,这么多,悲催死了,还是贴出来吧,聊以自慰。)
激发我翻译这篇文章的就是这一句,“In documenting the historical crapshoot of the last 200 years, there have been few losers more assiduous than the Chinese.”直白一点讲,就是过去两百年里面,没有哪个国家能怂的像中国那样。我不是什么民族主义者,荣不得别人对中国说三道四。只是这句话戳中了痛处,中国的过去一百年的历史,两百年的历史真的是不堪回首。而且,现在也看不到什么起色。有种前路何在的茫然。其实这个国家也是茫然的,大多数人也是茫然的。
鸦片战争过去了一百多年了。文革过去了二三十年了。某个不能说的事情过去也有二十多年了。可是,历史还是在布满灰尘的脏玻璃后面。没有敢去打破,重现。
be careful what you wish for, 下面的一句接的是,cause you might get it. 阿姆还有首同名的歌。这个题目在这里的意思我想了很久才略微有点眉目。或许是说,许什么愿,一定要三思,因为可能许什么的什么。
有个英语的故事是这样的:一对七十多岁的老夫妻捡到一个神灯,摇了摇,出来个神,说满足你们几个愿望,老太太说要变得年轻漂亮,就变得如花似玉了。老头说要有一个比他小二十岁的老婆,一下,老头就变成九十多岁了。
这个题目用到这里,或许是说中国一直说自己是鸦片战争受害者,算是中国的wish,作者似乎要告诫中国不要再这么wish下去了,因为中国很可能就会变成真正的受害者。
最后一句奥威尔的话,似乎是1984里面的,也让人感慨,Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past.
翻译里面好多问题,亲们不要留情。 |
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