- UID
- 6118
- 帖子
- 5736
- 精华
- 6
- 性别
- 男
- 注册时间
- 2006-1-6
访问个人博客
|
7楼
发表于 2014-2-20 10:37
| 只看该作者
四、结论
本文的研究结论可以归纳为三点。首先是确认在购房行动中“积极父母”角色。笔者在调查中所面对的父母群体是积极行动者,而不是被“啃老”的消极受害者。他们乐意为自己的成年独生子女购房,乐意提供经济资助。他们是整个过程的积极参与者,甚至是发动者。
其次,父母为独生子女购房,是建立协商式亲密关系的实践过程。第一,它要求两代人在具体问题上保持共同协商与共同决策;尤其指父母应该参与成年独生子女小家庭事务的决策。第二,它鼓励两代人之间通过金钱与物质条件的相互支持,以解决具体问题。第三,它培育感情上的沟通和尊重,将感情作为化解冲突的基础。在这样的协商式亲密关系中,集体决策、金钱交换、感情沟通三者彼此镶嵌,互为条件。
再次,积极父母在三个方面对子女有孝道期待。第一个是参与期待。即希望子女愿意向父母坦诚小家庭事务,在共同协商中接纳父母意见。第二个是回馈期待。哪怕是经济条件不错的父母,也期待子女有金钱物质方面的回馈,并将此理解为两代人感情亲密的象征。第三个是空间期待。对父母们来说,最理想的居住模式是在“一碗汤的距离”内与子女比邻而居。也就是彼此独立,同时又方便日常照顾和感情交流。
依据以上三点,中国家庭的亲密关系与西方学者谈论的亲密关系有很大不同。西方文献中的亲密关系概念,讲的是夫妻之间的、横向的、去物质化的关系,因此强调相互倾诉、语言表达、情感体验。而中国家庭的亲密关系,在实践形态上包含了三代人之间的纵向关系,以及不脱离物质利益的共同决策与情感寄托。因此,中国的经验研究应当扩展亲密关系的概念内涵,而不应局限于西方中心主义的研究范式。
最后还应说明,中国父母们的积极行动,可以理解为个体化进程中一种重新嵌入(reintegration)社会的努力。贝克等人(Beck, 1992; Beck & Beck-Gernsheim, 2002)指出,完整的个体化进程展现出三个维度:解放、失去稳定性以及重新嵌入社会。随着单位制解体、小家庭兴起、技术进步以及流动性增加,独生子女的父母们既获得了解放与自由,也同时面对社会保障方面的制度欠缺与不确定性。主动为子女购房,实际上是将市场环境、子女发展以及自身生活期待三者捏合起来的策略,因此是重新嵌入社会的努力。这样的努力是否最终能使两代人都满意,并获得两代关系稳定与平衡?这需要进一步的观察和研究。
参考文献:
郭于华,2001,《代际关系中的公平逻辑及其变迁——对河北农村养老事件的分析》, 载《中国学术》第4期。
康岚,2009,《反馈模式的变迁——代差视野下的城市代际关系研究》,上海大学博士学位论文。
马春华等,2011,《中国城市家庭变迁的趋势和最新发现》,载《社会学研究》第2期。
沈奕斐,2010,《个体化与家庭结构关系的重构》,复旦大学博士学位论文。
王跃生,2012,《城乡养老中的家庭代际关系研究——以2010年七省区调查数据为基础》, 载《开放时代》第2期。
王跃生,2006,《当代中国城乡家庭结构变动比较》,载《社会》第3期。
Beck, U., 1992, Risk Society : Towards a New Modernity, London: Sage.
Beck, U. & Beck-Gernsheim, E., 2002, Individualization: Institutionalized individualism and its social and political consequences, Vol. 13, Sage Publications Ltd.
Boermel, A., 2006, “‘No Wasting’ and ‘Empty Nesters’: ‘Old Age’ in Beijing,” Oxford Development Studies, Vol. 34, Iss. 4.
Cohen, M. L., 1976, House united, house divided: the Chinese family in Taiwan, New York: Columbia University Press.
Evans, H., 2010, “The Gender of Communication: Changing Expectations of Mothers and Daughters in Urban China,” The China Quarterly, Vol. 204, pp. 980-1000.
Folbre, N. & Nelson, J. A., 2000, “For Love or Money-Or Both?” The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 14, Iss. 4.
Giddens, A., 1992, The transformation of intimacy: sexuality, love and eroticism in modern societies, Cambridge: Polity Press.
Hansen, M. H. & Svarverud, R., 2010, iChina : the rise of the individual in modern Chinese society, Copenhagen: NIAS.
Ikels, C., 2004, Filial piety : practice and discourse in contemporary East Asia, Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
Jamieson, L., 2011, “Intimacy as a Concept: Explaining Social Change in the Context of Globalisation or Another Form of Ethnocentricism?” Sociological Research Online, Vol. 16, Iss. 4, pp. 1-15.
Jamieson, L.,1999, “Intimacy Transformed? A Critical Look at the ‘Pure Relationship’,” Sociology, Vol. 33, Iss. 3, pp. 477-494.
Jankowiak, W. R., 1995, Romantic passion: a universal experience? New York: Columbia University Press.
Kipnis, A. B., 1997, Producing Guanxi: sentiment, self, and subculture in a North China village, Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
Li, B., 2008, “Intergenerational Support and Retired People’s Housing Decision in China, ” Journal of societal and social policy, Vol. 7, Iss. 1-2.
Li, S. M. & Zheng, Y., 2007, “Financing Home Purchase in China, with Special Reference to Guangzhou,” Housing Studies, Vol. 22, Iss. 3.
Logan, J. R. & Bian, F., 1999, “Family Values and Co-residence with Married Children in Urban China,” Social Forces, Vol. 77, Iss. 4.
Nelson, J. A., 1995, “Feminism and Economics,” The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 9, Iss. 2
Potter, S. H. & Potter, J. M., 1989, China’s peasants: the anthropology of a revolution, Cambridge England: Cambridge University Press.
Thogersen, S. & Ni, A., 2010, “He Is He and I am I: Individual and Collective among China’s Elderly,” in M. H. Hansen & R. Svarverud, iChina : the rise of the individual in modern Chinese society.
Whyte, M. K., 2005, “Continuity and Change in Urban Chinese Family Life,” The China Journal, No. 53(January).
Whyte, M. K., 1997, “The Fate of Filial Obligations in Urban China,” The China Journal, No. 38(July).
Yan, Yunxiang, 2011a, “The Changing Moral Landscape,” in A. Kleinman (ed.), Deep China: The Moral Life of the Person, What Anthropology and Psychiatry Tell Us about China Today, Berkeley, Calif. & London: University of California Press.
Yan, Yunxiang, 2011b, “The Individualization of the Family in Rural China,” Boundary 2, Vol. 38, No. 1.
Yan, Yunxiang, 2010, “The Chinese Path to Individualization,” The British Journal of Sociology, Vol. 61, Iss. 3.
Yan, Yunxiang, 2009, The Individualization of Chinese Society, Oxford & New York: Berg Publishers.
Yan, Yunxiang, 2003, Private Life Under Socialism: Love, Intimacy, and Family Change in a Chinese Village, 1949-1999, Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
Zhang, H., 2005, “Bracing for an uncertain future: a case study of new coping strategies of rural parents under China’s birth control policy,” The China Journal, Iss. 54.
Zhang, H., 2004, “Living alone and the rural elderly: Strategy and agency in post-Mao rural China,” in Charlotte Ikels (ed.), Filial piety: Practice and discourse in contemporary East Asia.
Zelizer, V. A. R., 2005, The purchase of intimacy, Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press.
Zelizer, V. A., 2000, “The purchase of intimacy,” Law & Social Inquiry, Vol. 25, Iss. 3, pp. 817-848.
请支持独立网站,转发请注明本文链接:http://www.guancha.cn/Zhong-Xiaohui/2014_02_20_206607_s.shtml |
诗酒风流近散场,心情无限对斜阳,如今只剩燕双双。
病酒願爲千日醉,看花誤惹一身香,夜來有夢怕還鄉。 |
|