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发表于 2010-9-1 22:17
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本帖最后由 燕麦 于 2010-9-1 22:29 编辑 不过,萨福所吟,都是抒情短札,不存在荷马的考虑。也许,这么做的意思,旨在向荷马致敬吧?
周泽雄 发表于 2010-9-1 17:46 资料搜索的结果:
萨福在不少诗里面戏仿了荷马史诗的写法,但把原本男性的、战争的、白昼的语言,转化为女性的、爱情的、夜晚的语言。萨福把荷马史诗的套语“玫瑰手指的黎明”转化成“玫瑰手指的月亮”,月亮当然不是玫瑰红色的,但是和女主人公的形象很吻合,黎明带来了一个忙忙碌碌、充满世俗的白昼世界,但月亮却带来了属于思念、爱情和回忆的夜晚。
以上参考了《剑桥古希腊指南》163页,
以及SAPPHO and THE WORLD OF LESBIAN POETRY,William Harris, Prof. Em. Middlebury College
原文如下:
A girl who was in Sappho Academy, which perhaps was something like St. Aphrodite's Finishing School for Young Ladies (a much disputed proposition, but worth imagining), has left and gone to the East in Asia Minor, probably married off to a man of nobility in Sardis. At the beginning of the poem we have the isolated word 'Sardis', a major city on the sea in Asia Minor, and this must have been the initial geographical focus of the poem.
Now as Sappho recalls her, thinking of her lovely singing while here, and suddenly. . . . (as the text becomes readable again). . . . we see her far away in Sardis in distant Lydia. Sappho's brilliant picture of the girl outshining the ladies of Lydia is interlocked with the image of sunset and the moon rising. But there is a change of focus which immediately surprises. Homer, the ultimate backdrop for everything the coming ages, had spoken dozens of times of the "rosy-fingered Dawn", virtually as a cliché, or formula of his bardic tradition. But now Sappho changes the phrase to "the rosy fingered Moon. . . ", a surprising alteration and one which notes the difference between the two human worlds. One is the world of men with swords and fleets of ships over the Homeric "black earth", the other is the world of women and Lovers and what the heart desires. Here is that intimate world seen by means of the space from Lesbos to Sardis, as hearts yearn over the distance for each other.
If the rosy-fingered Dawn opens each day of the siege of Troy, the rosy-fingered Moon belong to the ladies who let their thought go roaming in the night air from the island home, far off to Sardis, where in the shining moonlight the graduated girl who has left the school is shining forth among the ladies of the great city by the sea.
And, if we can guess from the broken line-ends of words which the papyrus has left us, the final stanza was meant to say: "We too, send our thought to Sardis and to her, over the wide sea and night air of many flowers, which calls the message to her over all the way between".
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这些可能是当代女性主义文学批评对萨福的解读,不管实际上萨福有没有这些批评家所说的深意,但由此可见“玫瑰手指的月亮”是萨福对荷马式套语的一个创用。当然,这不是偶孤陋寡闻的借口,偶本来连荷马的这个套语都不知道。
另复水色:“千耳的夜神”可能也是一个出自希腊神话的套语。这个短语在萨福的诗里出现过不止一次。 |
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