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楼主
发表于 2011-8-27 12:50
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[转帖] [Idea] [2011.8.27] The minister of magic steps down 魔法部长卸任
http://www.ecocn.org/thread-57613-1-1.html
Steve Jobs resigns
史蒂夫乔布斯卸任
The minister of magic steps down
魔法部长卸任
Can Silicon Valley’s most disruptive firm prosper without its maker?
硅谷最具影响力的公司离开其缔造者后还能否兴盛?
Aug 27th 2011 | SAN FRANCISCO | from the print edition
2011年8月27日|旧金山|摘自印刷版
IN A commencement speech to students at Stanford University in 2005, Steve Jobs, the chief executive of Apple, advised his audience to avoid being trapped by dogma and to have the courage to follow their hearts and their intuition. “Stay hungry. Stay foolish,” he said as he signed off. By following his own advice, Mr Jobs, who resigned as Apple’s boss on August 24th, has turned the company from a basket case on the brink of bankruptcy when he returned to its helm in 1997 into a world-beater that is reshaping a big chunk of the technology industry. Earlier this month, Apple even briefly surpassed Exxon Mobil, an oil giant, to become the world’s most valuable company.
2005年,在斯坦福大学毕业典礼上给学生的演讲中,苹果首席执行官史蒂夫•乔布斯向他的听众建议:不要拘泥于传统思维,要有跟着内心声音和自己直觉走的勇气。“求知若饥,虚心若愚。”他以此结束了自己的演讲。遵照着自己给出的建议,1997年重返苹果掌舵的乔布斯先生将一个濒于破产的乱摊子变成了一个举世瞩目的大公司,并很大程度上改变了信息产业的面貌。8月24日,乔布斯辞去苹果首席执行官职务。这个月早些时候,苹果公司甚至短暂地超过了石油巨头埃克森美孚,成为世界市值最高的公司。
No other boss in recent history has embodied and defined a firm as completely as Mr Jobs. So his decision to resign as chief executive has inevitably raised the question of whether Apple will remain as hungry and as wildly successful without its entrepreneurial maestro at the helm. Other giants in the tech industry have seen their fortunes fade after iconic leaders have departed. Microsoft has struggled to regain its mojo since Bill Gates stood down as its chief executive in January 2000. Could Apple suffer a similar fate?
近些年来,没有哪位老板能像乔布斯先生一样,能够完全代表一个公司、定义一个公司。因此,他辞去首席执行官的决定不可避免地提出了一个问题:如果失去了掌门人,苹果还能否依然雄心勃勃、取得巨大的成功?其他信息产业中的巨头就曾有过这样的经历:标志性领军人物离开后,公司昔日的辉煌便渐渐褪去。自从2000年1月比尔盖茨辞去首席执行官职务后,微软就一直拼命想搏回往日的好运。苹果是否也会遭遇相似的命运?
That seems unlikely for several reasons. One is that the company has had plenty of time to plan for this moment. Mr Jobs has stepped aside from day-to-day management at Apple on a couple of occasions before, after having surgery for a rare form of pancreatic cancer in 2004 (see timeline). Each time, Tim Cook, Apple’s chief operating officer, temporarily assumed his boss’s responsibilities.
有这么几个原因使得此事似乎不大可能(发生)。一个原因就是苹果公司已经有很多的时间来计划应对这一刻。此前在2004年,乔布斯先生因一种罕见的胰腺癌进行了手术,曾有过几次退出苹果日常管理工作的情况(参见时间表)。每一次,苹果首席运营官蒂姆库克都暂时承担起自己老板的职责。
That allowed Mr Cook, who is taking over from Mr Jobs as CEO, to get a taste for the top spot—and it gave Apple’s board a chance to see him in action. On each occasion, Mr Cook kept Apple’s money-making machine ticking over smoothly. An expert in manufacturing and logistics, he closed down almost all of Apple’s manufacturing operations after he arrived at the firm in the late 1990s and outsourced much of these to Asia. Announcing his promotion, Apple’s board said that he had shown “remarkable talent and sound judgment in everything he does.”
这就给与了库克先生(即将代替乔布斯先生出任首席执行官)品味站在最高点感觉的机会,同时也给了苹果董事会考察他的执行能力的机会。每次乔布斯离任期间,库克先生都保持苹果公司的赚钱机器平稳的慢速运转。作为一个制造业和物流管理方面的行家, 20世纪90年代末期,他一上任就关掉了苹果几乎全部的生产线并将其中大部分制造业务外包到了亚洲地区。公布了他的晋升之后,苹果董事会称他表现出了“出众的才智以及他对自己所做的每一件事都作出了正确的判断。”
Talent is something that Apple also has an abundance of elsewhere in its ranks. Executives such as Phil Schiller, who oversees the company’s marketing, and Jonathan Ive, a Briton whose domain is design, are part of a team that has worked closely together for many years. If Mr Cook can keep this group intact, then Apple’s future should be bright.
才智是苹果队伍中另一个充裕的资源。其他的高管,例如负责公司产品营销的菲尔席勒以及负责产品设计的英国人乔纳森•艾维都是这个多年来亲密合作的团队的一部分。如果库克先生能使这个团队保持完整无缺,那么苹果的未来将会光明无限。
The firm also benefits from an intensely loyal and motivated workforce. Glassdoor, an online jobs and careers community, carries reviews of the company from almost 1,000 Apple employees. Most are glowing about the firm and in particular about Mr Jobs’s impact on it. One post even calls Apple’s former boss “the Thomas Edison of this century”. Paul Saffo of Discern Analytics, a financial-analytics company, reckons that this depth of loyalty will mean that even though Mr Jobs is stepping down, the firm’s employees will continue to ask themselves “what would Steve do?” when making decisions. (Of course, asking the question is easier than guessing the right answer.)
苹果公司也获益于一个极其忠诚和积极肯干的员工群体。一家关于职业和事业的网上论坛Glassdoor上承载着近1000名苹果公司员工对自己公司的评论。大部分评论都在热情赞美苹果公司,尤其是赞美乔布斯先生对苹果公司的影响。有一张帖子甚至将乔布斯奉为“本世纪的托马斯爱迪生”。 投资咨询公司Discern Analytics的保罗•萨弗认为,如此高的忠诚度表明即使乔布斯先生卸任,苹果公司的员工在面临抉择时仍会继续问自己:“史蒂夫会怎么做?”(当然,问问题要比想正确答案容易多了。)
史蒂夫•乔布斯精彩的职业生涯:
1976年4月,与史蒂芬•沃兹尼亚克携手创立苹果公司;
1976年7月,苹果公司发布第一款个人电脑;
1980年,苹果公司首次公开募股;
1984年,发布麦金塔电脑;
1985年,一场董事会“政变”后,被赶下苹果CEO位置;
1986年,创建皮克斯,创作动画电影的工作室;
1996年,回到苹果担任顾问;
1997年,被任命临时CEO;
1998年,发布iMac;
1999年,发布iBook;
2000年,“临时CEO”头衔换成CEO;
2001年5月,第一家苹果连锁店开张;
2001年8月,发布iPod;
2003年,发布iTunes;
2004年8月,因病休假1个月;
2006年,苹果承认期权回溯;
2007年,发布iPhone;
2009年1月,再次因病休假;
2009年6月,病假结束归来;
2010年1月,发布iPad;
2010年5月,苹果超过微软,成为市值最高的科技公司;
2011年1月,因病休假更长时间;
2011年6月,宣布iCloud服务;
2011年8月,辞去CEO职位。
Another reason for optimism is that Mr Jobs is not disappearing from the scene entirely. Instead he is taking on a new role as the chairman of Apple’s board, which should allow him to keep weighing in on important decisions for some time to come, assuming that his health allows. Apple has a pretty clear product pipeline for the next couple of years, which is reassuring. The firm is due to unveil the latest version of its hugely successful iPhone in the coming weeks and is expected to launch a new iPad early next year.
令人乐观的另一个原因是,乔布斯先生并没有彻底离开舞台。相反,他承担了苹果董事会主席的新角色,如果健康状况允许,他可以参与将来一些重大问题的决策。对于未来几年,苹果公司有一套很清晰的产品计划,这点还是令人深受鼓舞的。苹果公司将于未来几周内发布取得巨大成功的iPhone最新款,而且有望在明年年初发布新款iPad。
But Apple is far more than the sum of the devices that it sells, impressive though they are. Its secret sauce lies in the integration of these with software and services such as its iTunes online content store and its recently announced iCloud online-storage offering. These form what tech types like to call an “ecosystem” that has proved so popular that it is forcing other companies to develop similar capabilities. Google, which has long excelled at developing software, recently splashed out $12.5 billion for Motorola Mobility so that it could get its hands on the firm’s smartphones, tablets and other devices. And Amazon, which has a huge cloud business, is planning to launch its own tablet computer to compete with Apple’s iPad.
但苹果公司可远非其销售产品的合体,尽管这些产品给人留下了深刻的印象。苹果的秘诀在于将这些产品与软件以及服务(例如它的iTunes在线资料库以及最近对外宣布的iCloud在线存储服务)结合为一体。这所有的一切构成了科技狂人更愿称呼的“生态系统”,事实证明这个体系深受欢迎,以至于迫使其他公司也开始开发类似的功能。长久以来擅长于软件开发的谷歌最近为Motorola Mobility斥资125亿美元,为的就是能参与到该公司的智能手机、平板电脑以及其他产品的相关业务中。拥有庞大云业务的亚马逊公司也正计划发布自己的平板电脑,与苹果的iPad一争高下。
The good news for Apple’s investors is that the firm has been given a great head start in the battle for dominance of this emerging tech landscape thanks to Mr Jobs, whose vision of the future has been honed over a long and tumultuous career. After co-founding Apple with Steve Wozniak in the 1970s, he went on to pioneer the era of the personal computer in the following decade. He was then ousted from Apple after a boardroom coup in 1985.
对于苹果的投资商来说,好消息就是:得益于乔布斯先生,在新兴的科技格局中,苹果公司在争夺的主导地位的战斗中开出了一个好头。乔布斯的未来眼光在自己漫长而曲折的职业生涯中几经磨砺。20世纪70年代与史蒂夫•沃兹尼亚克携手创立苹果公司后,他在接下来的十年开拓了个人电脑时代。而后在1985年,一场董事会“政变”之后,他被赶出了苹果。
After that, Mr Jobs followed his heart and his intuition by building up Pixar, a film studio that specialises in computer-animated films. It has produced a string of hits, from “Toy Story” to “Finding Nemo”.
从那之后,乔布斯先生倾听自己的内心,跟随自己的直觉,建立起一个专门从事电脑动画电影制作的皮克斯工作室。从《玩具总动员》到《海底总动员》,皮克斯创作了一系列轰动一时的大作。
He returned to Apple as an adviser in 1996, when the firm was in dire straits. A year later he was made interim chief executive. Asked at the time what he thought Mr Jobs should do with Apple, Michael Dell, a rival computer-maker, helpfully suggested that he should shut it down.
1996年,苹果公司深陷困境,乔布斯回到苹果担任顾问。一年后,他被任命临时首席执行官。当竞争对手、电脑生产商迈克尔•戴尔被问及他认为乔布斯先生应如何处置苹果公司时,戴尔“好心”地建议说,乔布斯应该关闭苹果公司。
Mr Jobs ignored that advice. Instead he led the company on to its greatest triumphs. Among them were the creation of the iMac, which revived the firm’s ailing computer business, and the development of the iPod, which ended up transforming the music industry. But just as important as what Apple did was what it did not do. Charles Golvin of Forrester, a research firm, says that one of Mr Jobs’s greatest skills has been to decide which projects the firm should not undertake.
乔布斯没有理会那条建议。相反,他继续带领公司走向了最辉煌的成功。这些成功之中就包括了的iMac电脑的诞生,使得公司奄奄一息的个人电脑业务起死回生;此外还有iPod音乐播放器的研发,后来甚至改变了音乐产业的面貌。但是,苹果没有做过的事情和苹果曾经做过的事情具有同等的重要性。市场调研公司Forrester公司的查尔斯•格尔文称,乔布斯先生最伟大的技巧就是决定了苹果公司不应该着手哪些项目。
It has been widely rumoured, for example, that engineers at Apple were urging its boss to create a tablet computer in the early part of the decade. But Mr Jobs turned a deaf ear to their entreaties and instead insisted that the company focus on producing a smartphone. The result was the iPhone, which transformed yet another market and is still minting money. In a creative cauldron like Apple, ideas are rarely in short supply. But the skill of choosing the right ones to focus on at the right time is rare. Mr Jobs has it. Apple’s shareholders will have to hope that Mr Cook does too.
比如说,有一条流言广为流传:苹果公司的工程师曾早在近十年前就力劝乔布斯开发一款平板电脑。但乔布斯先生对他们的乞求充耳不闻,而是依然坚持认为公司应该致力于开发一款智能手机。结果iPhone应运而生,又改变了另一个市场的面貌,而且现在仍然还创造着财富。像苹果公司这样富有创造力的大熔炉,创意很少会供不应求。但是在正确的时间选择正确的创意而全力为之,这种技巧就比较难得了。乔布斯先生拥有这种技巧。苹果公司的股东们将不得不期望:库克先生也拥有这种技巧。 |
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